Goiters in the Renaissance.

Thyroid and Parathyroid

Goiters (from the Latin guttur, throat) have been known since 2700 b.c., long before the thyroid gland was recognized. The thyroid gland was first documented by the Italians of the Renaissance period. Leonardo da Vinci originally depicted the thyroid in his drawings as two separate glands on either side of the larynx. The term thyroid gland (Greek thyreoeides, shield-shaped) is attributed to Th...

Examining the Relationship between “Science” and “Religion” in Socio-Cultural Context of the Renaissance: A Kuhnian Reading of Bacon’s New Atlantis

Thomas Kuhn’s model of paradigm shift as an intra-systemic framework to account for changes within the scientific discourse has been adopted by scholars in different fields as diverse as sociology, theology, economy, and education, to name only a few. The present study argues that the same model can usefully be drawn upon to examine the relationship between ‘science’ and ‘religion’ with some re...

A Review of the Contextual Adaptability of Three Contemporary Urban Paradigms: New Urbanism, Urban Village and Urban Renaissance

Comparative study of Daylight Design in Safavid Mosque and Renaissance Church ase studies: Jame Abbasi Mosque in Isfahan and St. Peter Church in Rome

This study compares the Safavid Mosque and the Renaissance Church in the field of daylight design. The present study seeks to answer these questions: What methods are used to provide the light in the mosque and church, and what are the similarities and differences between the “qualities of the presence of daylight” in each of these religious buildings? To limit the scope of research, Jame Abbas...

Posterior mediastinal goiter.

Because of their tendency to progressively enlarge with compression of adjacent structures, as well as the small chance of malignancy, most intrathoracic goiters should be excised surgically. Most anterior substernal goiters and some ipsilateral posterior mediastinal goiters can be removed safely through a cervical incision. Large posterior mediastinal goiters, contralateral retrotracheal or re...